An H & M Survey, or Hull & Machinery Survey, is a professional inspection aimed at evaluating the structural integrity of a ship’s hull and the operational performance of its machinery. This survey is critical for shipowners, operators, insurers, and cargo owners because hull deformations or machinery failures can directly impact cargo safety and voyage security.

During an H & M Survey, the hull is examined for cracks, deformations, corrosion, and coating integrity. Machinery, including the main engine, auxiliary engines, pumps, generators, and other mechanical systems, is also tested for performance. The survey combines a review of maintenance history, on-site technical observation, precise measurements, and, when necessary, technical testing equipment to identify current conditions and potential risks.

H & M Surveys are usually performed while the vessel is at port or during pre-voyage preparation. The surveyor first reviews technical documentation and past maintenance records, identifying areas of concern and potential risks.

1. Hull Inspection

• The vessel’s sides, superstructures, cargo hatch covers, and mooring points are thoroughly inspected.

• Coatings, corrosion areas, and deformations are assessed using ultrasonic measurement devices or laser scanners.

• Any existing or potential cracks are detected and recorded.

2. Machinery Inspection

• The main engine, generators, pumps, and auxiliary machinery are tested for operational performance.

• Fuel and lubrication systems are checked for leaks and wear.

• Machinery layout, safety systems, and operational efficiency are evaluated.

3. Risk Analysis and Recommendations

Surveyors analyze all identified risks and provide recommendations for maintenance, repairs, or part replacements. This ensures the vessel’s safe operation and allows insurance risks to be managed proactively.

H & M Surveys are vital for ensuring voyage safety and cargo protection. Minor hull or machinery damage can escalate into serious failures or accidents during a voyage. The survey mitigates these risks, ensuring both the vessel and cargo are secure.

Additionally, H & M Survey reports serve as official documentation for insurance and legal purposes. Regular surveys extend the vessel’s operational life, improve efficiency, and prevent unexpected financial costs.